Understanding Arthritis

Reviewed by Gabi, Aesthetic Practitioner · Last reviewed 5 July 2026

Arthritis affects over 10 million people in the UK. The two most common forms are: Treatments are available at our Marylebone clinic near Baker Street in Central London.

• Osteoarthritis (OA): Degenerative "wear and tear" arthritis causing cartilage breakdown, bone spurs, and joint pain. Most common in knees, hips, and hands.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks joint linings, causing chronic inflammation, pain, and potential joint damage.

Traditional treatments include painkillers, anti-inflammatories, and in severe cases, surgery. LED light therapy offers a complementary, drug-free approach.

How LED Light Therapy Helps Joint Pain

Clinical Evidence

LED light therapy for arthritis is backed by substantial clinical research:

• Knee Osteoarthritis: A double-blind study of 50 patients found red and infrared light therapy reduced pain by more than 50%
• Hand Osteoarthritis: High-density LED irradiation significantly reduced pain in hand OA patients with no adverse events
• Rheumatoid Arthritis: Review of 18 papers showed 80% success rate in relieving chronic RA pain
• General Joint Pain: A 2024 systematic review confirmed photobiomodulation can significantly reduce knee pain at rest
• Meta-analysis: Multiple studies confirm LED/LLLT is effective for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis pain management

Conditions That May Benefit

Treatment Protocol

• Wavelengths: 633nm red + 830nm near-infrared (NIR penetrates deeper to reach joints)
• Session duration: around 20 minutes per area
• Frequency: 2-3 sessions per week initially
• Initial course: 8-12 sessions
• Results timeline: Many notice improvement within 2-4 weeks
• Maintenance: Weekly or fortnightly sessions as needed

What to Expect

• Comfortable, relaxing treatment
• Gentle warmth over the treated area
• No pain or discomfort
• Side effects are usually limited and temporary; there is typically no downtime
• Can reduce reliance on pain medications
• Works alongside other treatments (physio, medication)

Comprehensive LED Light Therapy Information

What is LED Light Therapy?

LED (Light Emitting Diode) therapy, also called photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy, uses specific wavelengths of light to stimulate cellular processes. Unlike lasers which use a single, intense beam of light, LED therapy uses multiple diodes producing gentler, broader light coverage. This makes it safer, more comfortable, and suitable for larger treatment areas.

The treatment is non-invasive and non-UV, and most people find it comfortable or relaxing. There is usually no formal recovery period, although temporary warmth or redness can occur and individual aftercare advice should be followed.

The Science: How Light Affects Cells

When specific wavelengths penetrate skin, they're absorbed by chromophores (light-sensitive molecules) in cells. The primary chromophore is cytochrome c oxidase, an enzyme in mitochondria (cellular powerhouses) that produces ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - the energy currency of cells.

Photobiomodulation can influence mitochondrial signalling and cellular energy metabolism. The size of this effect varies with wavelength, dose and tissue, so it should not be presented as a fixed percentage. Additionally, photobiomodulation triggers release of nitric oxide (improving circulation), reduces reactive oxygen species (preventing cellular damage), and modulates inflammatory responses.

Different Wavelengths, Different Effects

Blue light (415nm) penetrates 1-2mm, primarily affecting the epidermis. It's absorbed by porphyrins produced by acne bacteria (P. acnes), creating reactive oxygen species that destroy bacteria. Blue light also has direct antimicrobial effects and modestly reduces oil production.

Red light (633nm) is used primarily for skin-level photobiomodulation; exact tissue penetration varies with tissue optical properties and treatment conditions. It stimulates fibroblasts (collagen-producing cells), reduces inflammatory cytokines, improves circulation, and accelerates wound healing. Red light is the workhorse wavelength for skin rejuvenation and anti-inflammatory effects.

Near-infrared light (830nm) penetrates more deeply than visible red light and is used for deeper-tissue applications; exact penetration depth varies. It has powerful anti-inflammatory effects, significantly increases circulation, reduces pain signaling, and promotes tissue repair. Near-infrared is essential for pain management and deep tissue healing.

Treatment Process & What to Expect

During Your Session

LED therapy sessions last around 20 minutes. You'll lie or sit comfortably while LED panels deliver therapeutic wavelengths to treatment areas. Most people find sessions extremely relaxing - the gentle warmth and quiet environment promote deep relaxation. Patient safety goggles should be worn throughout treatment, in line with the Dermalux Tri-Wave MD user instructions.

You may feel mild warmth during treatment, though many people feel nothing at all. Some experience tingling or a pleasant sense of energy - these are all normal responses to photobiomodulation. There's no discomfort, no bright flashing (just steady, gentle light), and no need to remain perfectly still.

Immediate After-Effects

Most people can return immediately to normal activities. Some experience mild, temporary facial redness lasting 10-30 minutes (normal response to improved circulation). Skin may feel slightly warm for an hour post-treatment. Many people notice immediate improvements in skin radiance from increased circulation.

Building Results Over Time

LED therapy works cumulatively - benefits build with consistent treatment. Initial sessions stimulate cellular processes, but visible improvements take time to develop as cells produce new collagen, reduce inflammation, and repair damage.

Most conditions show initial improvements within 4-6 weeks, with optimal results at 8-12 weeks or longer. This timeline reflects natural biological processes - collagen production takes weeks to months, chronic inflammation resolves gradually, and tissue repair is a slow process. Consistency matters more than individual session duration.

Safety Profile & Contraindications

Exceptional Safety Record

The Dermalux Tri-Wave MD has FDA 510(k) clearance for specific indications and is generally well tolerated when used appropriately. FDA clearance should not be read as approval for every condition discussed on this site, and the device has contraindications and precautions that are checked before treatment.

Safe for All Skin Types & Ages

LED phototherapy is used across a wide range of Fitzpatrick skin types because it is non-UV and non-ablative. Suitability still depends on medical history, photosensitivity, medications and the condition of the treatment area; younger clients require appropriate consent and screening.

Very Few Contraindications

Avoid LED therapy: over active cancers (theoretical concern about cellular stimulation), with certain photosensitizing medications (tetracyclines, some acne treatments, St John's Wort), if you have photosensitive epilepsy (rare - steady LED light doesn't typically trigger seizures), or directly over the thyroid gland in the neck.

Pregnancy Considerations

The Dermalux Tri-Wave MD has not been tested on pregnant women, so the risk during pregnancy is unknown. Treatment during pregnancy should only be considered after appropriate screening and in line with the clinic's policy and medical advice where appropriate.

Medication Interactions

Few medications interact with LED therapy. The main concern is photosensitizing drugs that make skin more reactive to light. Common photosensitizers include certain antibiotics (tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones), some acne medications (isotretinoin), NSAIDS, and herbal supplements like St John's Wort. Always inform us of all medications you're taking.

Professional vs Home LED Therapy

Power Output Differences

Professional LED systems deliver 50-150mW/cm² power output - 3-5 times higher than home devices (typically 10-30mW/cm²). Higher power means shorter treatment times for equivalent therapeutic doses. Professional treatments achieve in 20 minutes what home devices need 60-90 minutes to accomplish.

Wavelength Precision

Medical-grade LED devices maintain precise wavelengths (±5nm variance) across the device's lifespan. Home devices may have ±20nm variance and increasing wavelength drift over time. Since therapeutic windows are narrow (optimal benefits occur within specific wavelength ranges), precision matters significantly.

Coverage & Convenience

Professional full-face panels or body systems treat large areas simultaneously with even energy distribution. Home devices typically cover 10x10cm, requiring multiple positions for full-face treatment. This increases total treatment time and creates challenges maintaining consistent positioning.

Expert Guidance

Professional treatment includes assessment of your specific concerns, customized treatment protocols (wavelength selection, session duration, frequency), progress monitoring with protocol adjustments, and combination with other appropriate treatments. Home devices provide one-size-fits-all approaches that may not optimize results for your situation.

When Home Devices Make Sense

For maintenance after completing professional treatment series, for very long-term conditions requiring years of treatment, or when professional treatment isn't geographically accessible, home LED devices can be valuable. However, for initial treatment of active conditions, professional systems provide faster, more reliable results.

Combining LED Therapy with Other Treatments

Skincare Products

LED therapy enhances absorption and effectiveness of topical treatments. Apply serums or treatment products immediately after LED therapy when skin is primed for absorption. Growth factors, hyaluronic acid, vitamin C, retinoids, and peptides all penetrate better post-LED treatment.

Professional Procedures

LED therapy accelerates healing and improves results when combined with microneedling, chemical peels, laser resurfacing, or injectable treatments. Typically, LED is performed 2-3 days after more aggressive treatments to speed recovery and enhance outcomes.

Prescription Medications

For acne, rosacea, psoriasis, and other medical skin conditions, LED therapy can be used alongside prescription treatments. It often allows dose reduction of medications over time (under medical supervision), reducing side effects while maintaining or improving results.

Wellness Practices

LED therapy works best as part of a holistic approach to health. Proper sleep (7-9 hours), stress management, balanced nutrition, adequate hydration, regular exercise, and appropriate skincare all enhance LED therapy results. Treating skin from both inside and outside produces the best outcomes.

Cost & Value Considerations

Investment Perspective

LED therapy should be viewed as an investment in long-term skin health rather than a one-time expense. The cumulative, lasting benefits often outweigh initial costs when compared to temporary solutions or treatments requiring perpetual replenishment.

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Consider LED therapy's costs against alternatives: laser treatments (£300-800 per session with downtime), injectable treatments (£250-500 every 3-6 months), prescription medications (£50-200/month indefinitely), or ongoing purchases of topical treatments and cosmetics to cover concerns.

Package Savings

Most clinics offer package pricing for series of treatments, significantly reducing per-session costs. Packages of 6-12 sessions typically provide 15-30% savings compared to individual session pricing. For chronic conditions requiring long-term treatment, packages provide substantial savings.

Long-Term Maintenance Costs

After initial treatment series (typically 8-16 sessions), many conditions can be maintained with 1-2 monthly sessions. This ongoing maintenance cost is often less than prescription medications or the cumulative cost of covering skin concerns with cosmetics.

Why Choose LED Light Therapy UK in London?